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BeautifulSoup 库学习笔记
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蒋蜀黍，Python爱好者社区专栏作者
博客地址：https://ask.hellobi.com/blog/JiangYiXin
1、常用解析库
2、BeautifulSoup的基本使用
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 美化后补全输出
print(bs4.prettify())
# 输出title标签中的内容
print(bs4.title.string)3、BeautifulSoup标签选择器的用法
3.1、选择元素
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 输出title标签 <title>The Dormouse's story</title>
print(bs4.title)
# 输出获取到title标签的类型 <class 'bs4.element.Tag'>
print(type(bs4.title))
# 输出head标签
print(bs4.head)
# 输出获取到head标签的类型 <class 'bs4.element.Tag'>
print(type(bs4.head))
# 获取到head标签中的title标签
print(bs4.head.title)
# 输出p标签(只输出第一个)
print(bs4.p)从上述的代码中可以看出,BeautifulSoup解析出的标签返回任然是一个BeautifulSoup的Tag类，可以再次进行筛选
3.2、获取名称
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 获取选择的标签的名称 title
print(bs4.title.name)3.3、获取属性
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 输出p标签的name属性值
print(bs4.p['name'])
# 输出p标签的name属性值
print(bs4.p.attrs['name'])3.4、获取内容
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 输出title标签中的内容
print(bs4.title.string)
# 输出a标签中的内容(去除html标签包括注释)
print(bs4.a.string)3.5、嵌套选择
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 输出head标签中的title标签中的内容
print(bs4.head.title.string)3.6、子节点和子孙节点
3.6.1、contents
html = """
<html>
<head>
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 将p标签的子节点以列表的方式输出
print(bs4.p.contents)3.6.2、children
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<html>
<head>
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 获取p标签的所有子节点，返回一个 list 生成器对象
print(bs4.p.children)
# 对子节点进行遍历
fori, child inenumerate(bs4.p.children):
print(i, child)3.6.3、descendants
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<html>
<head>
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 获取p标签的所有子节点(包含子孙节点)，返回一个 list 生成器对象
print(bs4.p.descendants)
# 对子节点进行遍历
fori, child inenumerate(bs4.p.descendants):
print(i, child)3.7、父节点和祖先节点
3.7.1、parent
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<html>
<head>
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 输出第一个a标签的父节点
print(bs4.a.parent)3.7.2、parents
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<html>
<head>
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 输出循环遍历出所有的祖先节点
fori, parent inenumerate(bs4.a.parents):
print(i, parent)3.8、兄弟节点
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<html>
<head>
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 输出所有前兄弟节点
print(list(enumerate(bs4.a.next_siblings)))
# 输出所有后兄弟节点
print(list(enumerate(bs4.a.previous_siblings)))4、标准选择器
4.1、find_all (返回所有元素)
可根据标签名、属性、内容查找文档
4.1.1、name根据标签名
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 输出所有的ul标签(列表)
print(bs4.find_all('ul'))
# 输出查找到元素的类型 <class 'bs4.element.Tag'>
print(type(bs4.find_all('ul')[0]))
for i in bs4.find_all('ul'):
# 输出每个ul中的所有li
print(i.find_all('li'))
4.1.2、attr根据属性
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1" name="elements">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 输出根据id属性查找到的tag元素
print(bs4.find_all(attrs={'id':'list-1'}))
# 上述的简写方式
print(bs4.find_all(id='list-1'))
# 输出根据name属性查找到的tag元素
print(bs4.find_all(attrs={'name':'elements'}))
# 根据class查找的话，因为class是python的关键字因此需要加上_
print(bs4.find_all(class_='list-small'))4.1.3、text根据文本
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1" name="elements">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 通过 text 参数可以搜搜文档中的字符串内容.与 name 参数的可选值一样, text 参数接受 字符串 , 正则表达式 , 列表, True
print(bs4.find_all(text='Foo'))4.2、find(查找单个)
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1" name="elements">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 输出第一个ul标签
print(bs4.find('ul'))
# <class 'bs4.element.Tag'>
print(type(bs4.find('ul')))
# 如果找不到则输出None
print(bs4.find('page'))4.3、其他用法
find_parents() find_parent()
find_parents()返回所有祖先节点，find_parent()返回直接父节点。
find_next_siblings() find_next_sibling()
find_next_siblings()返回后面所有兄弟节点，find_next_sibling()返回后面第一个兄弟节点。
find_previous_siblings() find_previous_sibling()
find_previous_siblings()返回前面所有兄弟节点，find_previous_sibling()返回前面第一个兄弟节点。
find_all_next() find_next()
find_all_next()返回节点后所有符合条件的节点, find_next()返回第一个符合条件的节点
find_all_previous() 和 find_previous()
find_all_previous()返回节点后所有符合条件的节点, find_previous()返回第一个符合条件的节点
5、CSS选择器
通过select()直接传入CSS选择器即可完成选择
5.1、普通选择
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(bs4.select('.panel .panel-heading'))
print(bs4.select('ul li'))
print(bs4.select('#list-2 .element'))
# <class 'list'> 以列表方式输出
print(type(bs4.select('ul li')))
# <class 'bs4.element.Tag'>
print(type(bs4.select('ul')[0]))5.2、获取属性
frombs4 importBeautifulSoup
html = """
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 查找所有ul并遍历
forul inbs4.select('ul'):
# 获取ul的id属性
print(ul['id'])
# 获取ul的id属性
print(ul.attrs['id'])5.3、获取内容
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
bs4 = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
# 查找所有li并遍历
for li in bs4.select('li'):
# 输出li的文本内容
print(li.get_text())点击文章末尾阅读原文即可购买
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